name | explain |
F-group trade terms | |
FOB free on board | Delivery on board (... designated loading port) "means that the seller completes delivery when the goods cross the ship's rail at the designated loading port. This means that the buyer must bear all risks of loss or damage to the goods from that point on. The FOB term requires the seller to handle the export customs clearance procedures for the goods. |
FAS Free alongside ship | Ship side delivery (... designated loading port) "refers to the seller delivering the goods to the ship side at the designated loading port, which completes the delivery. The buyer must bear all risks of loss or damage to the goods from then on. |
FCA free carrier | Freight to carrier (... designated location) "refers to the seller completing delivery as long as the goods are handed over to the carrier designated by the buyer at the designated location and export customs clearance procedures are completed. It should be noted that the choice of delivery location will have an impact on the obligations of loading and unloading at that location. If the seller delivers at its location, the seller shall be responsible for loading the goods. If the seller delivers at any other location, the seller shall not be responsible for unloading the goods. |
Group C trade terms | |
CIP CIP | The payment of freight and insurance to (... designated destination) "refers to the seller delivering the goods to its designated carrier, but the seller must also pay for the freight to transport the goods to the destination, that is, the buyer bears all risks and additional costs after the seller delivers the goods. However, according to CIP terminology, the seller must also insure the buyer's goods against the risk of loss or damage during transportation. |
CPT Freight paid to | Freight payment to (... designated location) "refers to the seller delivering the goods to its designated carrier, but the seller must also pay for the freight to transport the goods to the destination. That is to say, the buyer shall bear all risks and other expenses after delivery. |
CIF Cost, insurance and freight | Cost, insurance and freight "refers to the seller completing delivery when the goods cross the ship's rail at the port of shipment. |
CFR cost and freight | Cost and freight (... designated destination port) "refers to the situation where the seller completes the delivery of goods by crossing the ship's rail at the loading port, and the seller must pay for the freight and fees required to transport the goods to the designated destination port. But the risk of loss or damage to the goods after delivery, as well as any additional costs caused by various events, shall be transferred from the seller to the buyer. |
E-group trade terms | |
EXW Ex works | Factory delivery (... designated location) "refers to the completion of delivery when the seller hands over the goods to the buyer for disposal at its location or other designated location (such as a factory, factory, or warehouse), without the seller handling export customs clearance procedures or loading the goods onto any transportation vehicle. |
Group D trade terms | |
DEQ delivered ex quay… named port of destination | Delivery at the destination port "refers to the seller handing over the goods to the buyer for disposal at the designated destination port without going through import customs clearance procedures, thus completing the delivery. The seller shall bear all risks and costs of transporting the goods to the designated destination port and unloading them at the dock. |
DES delivered ex ship… named port of destination | Delivery on board the ship at the designated destination port (... designated destination port) "refers to the situation where the goods are handed over to the buyer for disposal on board the ship at the designated destination port, but without completing the import customs clearance procedures, and the seller completes the delivery. The seller must bear all risks and expenses before the goods are unloaded at the designated destination port. If the parties wish the seller to bear the risks and costs of unloading, the DEQ term should be used. |
DDP delivered duty paid | Delivery after tax payment (designated destination) "refers to the seller completing the import customs clearance procedures at the designated destination, delivering the goods that have not been unloaded from the delivery vehicle to the buyer, and completing the delivery. The seller must bear all risks and expenses of transporting the goods to the designated destination, including any "taxes" that should be paid at the destination when customs procedures are required (including the responsibility and risk of handling customs procedures, as well as paying handling fees, tariffs, taxes, and other fees). |
DDU delivered duty unpaid | Unpaid delivery (designated destination) "refers to the seller delivering the goods to the buyer for disposal at the designated destination without handling import procedures or unloading the goods from the delivery vehicle, thus completing the delivery. The seller shall bear all risks and expenses of transporting the goods to the designated destination, excluding any "taxes" that should be paid for import in the destination country when customs procedures are required (including the responsibility and risk of handling customs procedures, as well as paying handling fees, tariffs, taxes, and other fees). The buyer must bear this "tax" and any costs and risks arising from their failure to timely complete the import customs clearance procedures for the goods. |
DAF Border delivery | Border delivery (... designated location) "refers to when the seller delivers the goods that are still on the delivery vehicle and have not been unloaded to the buyer at the designated location and specific delivery point at the border, before the customs border of the adjacent country, and completes the export customs clearance procedures but has not yet completed the import customs clearance procedures, thus completing the delivery. The term 'border' can be used for any border, including the border of the exporting country. Therefore, it is extremely important to accurately define the designated border with a specified location and specific delivery point. |
